Fig.: Sn(IV) speciation in an experiment with cassiterite (SnO₂) and 1.63 molal HCl solution determined in situ using Raman spectroscopy (Schmidt 2017).

Complexation of heavy elements, solubility in aqueous fluids, fluid-melt partitioning, and kinetics of mineral/melt-fluid interaction determined from synchrotron-radiation absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and modified HDAC

Fig.: In situ XRF/XAS experiments at synchrotron radiation facilities (example: microfocus beamline ID22, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble).

Fig.: Pegmatitic texture developed by crystallization of a haplogranitic melt with added Li₂O, B₂O₃ and H₂O after 113 hours at 600°C, 180 MPa and 72 hours at 550°C, 150 MPa in the sample chamber of a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell.